We can use structures with it and what to 'point out' or emphasize particular ideas.

It is/was ... that.

Compare:

• My secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
  
• It was my secretary that sent the bill to Mr Harding yesterday.
  (not somebody else)
  
• It was the bill that my secretary sent to Mr Harding yesterday.
  (not something else)
  
• It was Mr Harding that my secretary sent the bill to yesterday.
  (not to somebody else)
  
• It was yesterday that my secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding.
  (not another day)
  

What{+ subject) + verb + be.

Compare:

• My left leg hurts.
  
• What hurts is my left leg
  
• I like her sense of humour.
  
• What I like is her sense of humour
  

We can emphasize a verb by using what with do and an intinitive. Compare:

• She screamed.
  
• What she did was (to) scream.
  
  

Structure
auxiliary verb + n't + subject...

• Doesn't she understand?
  
• Haven't you booked your holiday yet?
  

auxiliary verb + subject + not...

• Does she not understand?
  
• Have you not booked your holiday yet?
  

The forms with not are formal.

After be used to, we use a noun or an -ing form. The meaning is quite different from    used to + infinitive. If you say that you are used to something, you mean that you know it well. You have experienced it so much that it is no longer strange to you.

be used to + noun

• I'm used to London traffic. We lived here for six years.
  
• At the beginning, I couldn't understand the Londoners, because I wasn't used to their accent.
  

We can use an -ing form after be used to, but not an infinitive.

be used to+ .. . -ing

• I'm used to driving in London now, but it was hard at the beginning. (NOT I'm used to drive ...)
  
• It was a long time before she was completely used to working with old people.
  

Get used to means 'become used to'. You'll soon get used to living in the country.

We can use always with a progressive tense to mean 'very often'.

• I'm always losing my keys.
• Granny's nice. She's always giving people things and doing things for people.
  I'm always running into ( = 'accidentally meeting') Paul these days.

We use this structure to talk about things which happen very often (perhaps more often than expected), but which are not planned. Compare:

• When Alice comes to see me, I always meet her at the station, (a regular, planned arrangement)
  
• I'm always meeting Mrs Bailiff in the supermarket, (accidental, unplanned meetings)
  
• When I was a child, we always had picnics on Saturdays in the summer, (regular, planned)
  
• Her mother was always arranging little surprise picnics and outings. (unexpected, not regular)
  
  

We usually use roundior movement or position in a circle, or in a curve.

• We all sat round the table.
  
• I walked round the car and looked at the wheels.
  
• 'Where do you live?' 'Just round the corner.'
  

clause + after + clause after + clause, + clause

We can use after to join two clauses. We can either say: В happened after A happened
OR After A happened, В happened. The meaning is the same: A happened first. Note the comma (,) in the second structure.

We use in case to talk about things we do because something else might happen.

• Take an umbrella in case it rains. (= . . . because it might rain.)
• I've bought a chicken in case your mother stays to lunch.
• I wrote down her address in case I forgot it.

After in case, we use a present tense with a future meaning.

• ... in case it rains. (NOT . . . in case it will rein.)
  

We can also use should + infinitive. In this structure, should means 'might'.

• I've bought a chicken in case your mother should stay to lunch.
• I wrote down her address in case I should forget it.
  

The structure with should is more common in the past.

Don't confuse in case and if. 'I do A in case В happens' = 'I do A first because В might happen later.' A is first. 'I do A if В happens' = 'I do A if В has happened first.' В is first. Compare:

• Let's get a bottle of wine in case Roger comes.
  (= We'll buy some wine now because Roger might come later.)
  
• Let's buy a bottle of wine if Roger comes.
  (= We'll wait and see. If Roger comes, then we'll buy the wine. If he doesn't we won't.)

In an informal style, we use much and many mostly in negative sentences and questions, and after so, as and too. In affirmative sentences (except after so, as and too), we use other words and expressions.

Compare:

• How much money have you got?
  I've got plenty. (NOT I've got much.)
  
• I haven't got many pop records.
  I've got a lot of jazz records.
  (NOT USUALLY /Vo gof many jazz records.)
  
• You make too many mistakes.
  You make lots of mistakes.
  (NOT USUALLY You такс many mistakes.)
  

As I was going past the Art Theatre on my way home I heard somebody ask in a low voice, "Want to come to the theatre?" It was a young fellow with no hat on and a disappointed look on his face. I understood at once: his girl hadn't turned up, otherwise he would not have had a ticket for the Art Theatre to spare—they're not that easy to come by.
"What's on?" I asked.
"A revival of Pogodin's 'Kremlin Chimes'."
That was a play I had been wanting to see for a long time. I wasn't dressed for the theatre and I had not had any dinner, but why be bothered with trifles when such luck had come my way. I accepted.

We use each to talk about two or more people or things. We use every to talk about three or more. (Instead of 'every two' we say both).

We say each when we are thinking of people or things separately, one at a time. We say every when we are thinking of people or things together, in a
group. (Every is closer to all.)

Compare:

• We want each child to develop in his or her own way. We want every child to be happy.
  
• Each person in turn went to see the doctor. He gave every patient the same medicine.
  
  

The difference is not always very great, and often both words are possible.

• You look more beautiful each/every time I see you.