Неопределенный артикль употребляется перед нарицательными исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе (an hour, an MP, an SOS, a university, a European law, a one-way street).
1. в значении «один из», «какой-то», «любой»: There is a letter on the table. Shall we choose a booh from this catalogue?
2. в значении «один», «ещё один»: Wait a minute, please. He took a second opportunity to overcome the difficulties.
3. с числительными: a million dollars; 1/3 = a third; 5p a (per) kilo, 4 times a (per) day, 1.5 hours = one and a half hours, cm hour and a half; 0.5 hour = half an hour.
4. если предмет упоминается впервые: I sent you an e-mail yesterday.
5. перед описательным определением: We've bought a very nice house. They lived a quiet life.
6. в приложении, если не подчёркивается известность лица, к которому оно относится: Mary Thomson, a student of the University, spoke at the meeting.
7. перед словами, обозначающими профессию, род занятий: My brother is a taxi driver. Ho: He was appointed / elected / chosen _ director.
8. со словами, обозначающими эмоции и умственную деятельность (understanding, distrust, education, relief, pity, shame, wonder, knowledge, help), если значение этих слов каким-либо образом ограничивается и уточняется: What a relief! What a pity! What a shame! My parents wanted me to have a good education. She has a love of music. He has a first-class
knowledge of British law.
9. после слов what, such, quite, rather: She is quite an inexperi enced secretary. This is rather an (a rather) interesting article.
10. в сочетаниях с глаголами to have, to take, to give (Ho: to have fun, to have lunch и др.): to have a cold to have a good time to take a shower to give a call to have a smoke to have a headache to take a seat to give a hand
Неопределённый артикль употребляется в ряде сочетаний и выражений:
a lot of in a hurry as anile to do a favour
a number of it's a pity / pleasure as a result to make a mistake
a few/a little in a low / loud voice at / from a distance to tell a lie
at a loss at a profit at a glance to go for a walk