В данном топике я рассмотрю довольно сложную грамматическую тему: использование конструкций do so и such. Поехали...
а) Do so употребляется вместо повторяющейся связки глагол + подлежащее или глагол + дополнение, когда из контекста ясно, о чем идет речь. Можно также употреблять связки: does so, did so, doing so и другие.
- She won the competition in 1997 and seems likely to do so (= win the competition) again this year.
- Dr Lawson said, 'Sit down.' Cathy did so (= sat down), and started to talk about her problems.
- The climbers will try again today to reach the summit of the mountain. Their chances of doing so (= reaching the summit of the mountain) are better than they were last week.
- When he was asked to check the figures, he claimed that he had already done so. (= checked the figures)
Do so чаще всего употребляется на письме и в формальном языке. В разговорной речи можно вместо этого употреблять do it или do that.
- Mrs Bakewell waved as she walked past. She does so/it/that every morning.
- Ray told me to put in a new battery. I did so/it/that, but the radio still doesn't work.
б) Рассмотрим примеры:
|
do so
|
do (не do so)
|
|
65% of the members voted for Ken Brown this time, whereas 84% did so last year.
Kenyon confessed to the murder, although he only did so after a number of witnesses had identified him as the killer.
|
John doesn't like Porter's films but I do. (а не: ...I do so.)
I never expect them to remember my birthday, but they usually do. (а не: ...usually do so.)
|
Можно употреблять do so вместо динамических глаголов, которые описывающих действие , а не статическое состояние, таких как vote и confess. Do so не употребляется с глаголами .которые описывают состояние, такими как like и remember.
в) Конструкция such + (a/an) + существительное употребляется, чтобы обозначить нечто, о чем упоминалось ранее, со значением 'of this/ that kind'. Конструкция such + существительное употребляется когда существительное неисчисляемое или стоит во множественном числе, а such + a/an + существительное – когда исчисляемое.
- They needed someone who was both an excellent administrator and manager. Such a person was not easy to find.
- We allow both men and women to have time off work to bring up children. We were the first department to introduce such a scheme.
- The students refer to teachers by their first names and will often criticize them for badly prepared lessons. Such behaviour is unacceptable in most schools.
- When asked about rumors that the company is preparing to shed more than 200 jobs, a spokeswoman said: 'I know of no such plans.'
В подобном контексте such употребляется в основном на письме или формальной речи. В разговорной речи чаще употребляются обороты: 'A person like this...', '...a scheme of this kind.', 'This sort of behavior...'.
Russian
New topic
